EMERGING TRENDS IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AI BASED HR SYSTEMS AND WORKFORCE ANALYTICS IN THE USA AND PAKISTAN

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming human resource management (HRM) by automating routine functions, strengthening decision-making, and enabling more strategic workforce planning, yet significant disparities remain between developed and emerging economies in technological preparedness, implementation capacity, and organizational outcomes. This study offers a comparative analysis of AI driven HR practices and workforce analytics in the United States and Pakistan, drawing on secondary data from scholarly literature, industry reports, and organizational case studies to examine adoption levels, major application areas, and the strategic impact of AI on recruitment, performance management, and employee retention. It further explores the structural and contextual factors—such as digital infrastructure, skill availability, regulatory environments, and investment capacity—that shape the pace and effectiveness of AI integration in both countries. The findings reveal that while U.S. organizations demonstrate higher analytics maturity and broader use of AI in strategic HR practices, Pakistani organizations are increasingly adopting AI tools to enhance operational efficiency despite resource constraints. Across both contexts, workforce analytics emerges as a key driver of data-informed decision-making and organizational agility. Overall, the study contributes to the expanding literature on digital transformation in HRM and offers practical insights for managers and policymakers seeking to leverage AI for sustainable workforce development.